A) orbiting around the Kuiper Belt body Hector. Neptune, Comet orbits all have ________ eccentricity compared to the asteroids, Most asteroid orbits lie between those of Mars and ________, A solid body from the outer solar system that arrives intact on the Earth's surface is called Our solar system was created from a dust and gas . So, as the sun formed, the planets formed from these ingredients. D) faster due to conservation of angular momentum. A) between the orbits of Jupiter and Uranus c) should be randomly oriented to their star's equator. [69] Another possible solution is the growth of the cores of the giant planets via pebble accretion. D) close to or at perihelion. Meteorites are important because_ Closest to the sun and consist of Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. d. located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other. Type I or Type II migration could smoothly decrease the semimajor axis of the planet's orbit resulting in a warm- or hot-Jupiter. solar nebula, gaseous cloud from which, in the so-called nebular hypothesis of the origin of the solar system, the Sun and planets formed by condensation. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The orbits of most comets So the transition from the geocentric view and eternal state the way things are evolved with appreciation of dinosaurs and plate tectonics too and then refining the nebular idea the Nice model the Grand Tack model alittle more? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. E) short period comets. In addition, Scottish scientist James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879) asserted that different rotational velocities between the inner and outer parts of a ring could not allow for condensation of material. All the terrestrial planets lie inside the asteroid belt. [64] Hypotheses do not predict a merger stage, due to the low probability of collisions between planetary embryos in the outer part of planetary systems. The hot-Jupiters and warm-Jupiters are thought to have migrated to their current orbits during or following their formation. IV. The nebular hypothesis has thus become the prevailing theory of the origin of the solar system. Just when we think we have a satisfactory explanation, there remain those troublesome issues it just cant account for. [61] Some of the embryos, which originated in the asteroid belt, are thought to have brought water to Earth. At this point, the Sun became a main-sequence star. According to the nebular theory, how did the solar system form? The Terrestrial (Rocky) Planets 1. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis 15 The study of star forming molecular clouds shows that same early, large stars form that way. are almost circular with low eccentricities, Which of the following is not icy in composition? In the most elaborate model which makes Earth isotope measurements easiest to predict, by free coupling the processes, the 1st generation of super massive stars would go supernova in 1-10 million years. Astronomers have not yet been able to detect planets outside our solar system. The generally accepted model for the formation of the solar system is called the nebular hypothesis. a ________. Long-period comets are believed to originally come from The four inner planets, those closest to the Sun, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. A) in the Kuiper Belt. Density is defined as Each year, or orbit around the sun, the Earth passes through that same debris trail, leading to an annual meteor shower. 3. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 The temperature, reaction rate, pressure, and density increased until hydrostatic equilibrium was achieved. E) Eros. All ________ planets have rings around their equators. d. IF While the ball at the center formed the Sun, the rest of the material would form into the protoplanetary disc. B) all lie less than 5 AU from the Sun. c. cout << "y == z - 3: " << (y == z - 3) << endl; When it comes to the formation of our Solar System, the most widely accepted view is known as the Nebular Hypothesis. Meteor showers are caused by an interaction between a planet and debris from a comet trail. Chapter 4: The Solar System: Interplanetary M, Astrononmy: The Terrestrial Planets: Ch 6, American Literature: Frederick Douglass, Olau, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider. In this context, accretion refers to the process of cooled, solidified grains of dust and ice orbiting the protostar in the protoplanetary disk, colliding and sticking together and gradually growing, up to and including the high-energy collisions between sizable planetesimals. The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of d. both A and B are correct The Astrometric Method looks at the movement of the star in relation to the center of the mass. D) lie beyond the orbit of Neptune and perpendicular to the ecliptic. Some moons have orbits that are backward (compared to their planet's rotation) or highly inclined to their planet's equator. As we learn more about neighboring star systems and explore more of the cosmos, our models are likely to mature further. Suppose that x, y, z, and w are int variables, and x = 3, y = 4, z = 7, and w = 1.What is the output of the following statements? Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Learn more about the solar nebula. e. PF5\mathrm{PF}_5PF5 Which of the following have an icy composition? [71] Migration is caused by the interaction of the planet sitting in the gap with the remaining disk. The Solar Nebular Hypothesis The solar nebular hypothesis describes the formation of our solar system from a nebula cloud made from a collection of dust and gas. The planets formed by accretion from this disc, in which dust and gas gravitated together and coalesced to form ever larger bodies. c. only Jupiter It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. E) Both A and C are correct. Solar System Planets & Age | How Old Is the Solar System? It's not as bright as a star because it's not undergoing thermonuclear fusion, with the tremendous release of energy that accompanies that process. Which explains why the reflex reaction is important in certain situations: a. there are no neurotransmitters in interneurons, b. sending a message up the spinal cord takes time, c. sensory neurons are very slow to form action potentials, d. the brain does not control motor neurons. [16] The proposed solutions include enhanced mass of the diska tenfold increase would suffice;[64] protoplanet migration, which allows the embryo to accrete more planetesimals;[28] and finally accretion enhancement due to gas drag in the gaseous envelopes of the embryos. E) our telescopes are not powerful enough to detect them. [28][31][68] Some combination of the above-mentioned ideas may explain the formation of the cores of gas giant planets such as Jupiter and perhaps even Saturn. Comets are not actually members of the solar system, but have been captured by the Sun. D) the asteroid belt. The nucleus of a comet is typically: A) Their images become blurry due to outgassing as the Sun heats them up. Clumps of interstellar matter left behind in the midplane of the solar disk as it contracted toward its centre gradually coalesced, through a process of Read More solar system C) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets what is now called Laplaces nebular hypothesis, a theory of the origin of the solar system. E) Venus. what does the flatness of the rotation curve shown here reveal about this galaxy? He assumed that the mutual gravitational attractions of the particles caused them to start moving and colliding, at which point chemical forces kept them bonded together. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. This states that the solar system developed out of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas, called a nebula . As the solar nebula contracts, it D) Mars. c. weight per square inch A) all spin slower than the Earth. So, what this theory is saying is as follows: Originally, there was a rotating cloud of gas that condensed and flattened out like a pancake. Most of the material ended up in a ball at the center while the rest of the matter flattened out into disk that circled around it. As this cloud gradually contracted under the effects of gravity, it, force and concluded that the nebular hypothesis of Laplace, which stated that the planets and Sun condensed from a single gaseous cloud, was invalid. C) a grouping of asteroids and meteoroids between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. C) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter, sharing its orbit about the Sun. These stars have powerful solar winds. D) the asteroid Gaspra. b. false, Density is defined as: The planet will probably have a mean density of around 5 g/cm3 II. E) moving away from the Sun. d. the interstellar medium. Hr. D) spacecraft sent to an asteroid. D) Kuiper Belt Objects E) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter. The appearance and composition of these meteorites is just what we'd expect if metal and rock condensed and accreted as the nebular theory suggests. Cometary dust tails lag behind the bluish ion tails as the comet rounds the Sun. ________ of young, condensing stars. According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, which law best explains why the solar nebula spun faster as it shrank in size? The NEAR spacecraft actually landed on the asteroid ________ in February 2001. D) go no farther out than Pluto, then return to the sun again. D) the surface of Mars A) detecting the oxygen in their atmospheres spectroscopically. The planet will probably have a radius of around five to 10 times greater than Earth's. III. faster due to conservation of angular momentum. [21] The formation of planets like Uranus and Neptune is more problematic, since no theory has been capable of providing for the in situ formation of their cores at the distance of 2030AU from the central star. B) a volcanic event. The planet will probably have several satellites. a spherical cloud of cometary nuclei far beyond the kuiper belt, Which of the following does not fall into the category of interplanetary debris? The sun and planets formed from a single cloud that was slowly rotating. The age of the solar system is determined with ________ dating. He proposed instead the catastrophic or tidal theory, first suggested by the American geologist Thomas C. Chamberlin. We have written many articles about the Solar System here at Universe Today. 15 II, III, IV Accretion is Ch. A rocky body between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter is a(n) ________. C) the Moon. c. the direction the comet is traveling Suppose you discover an object that is made of metal, rock, and ice. There were no comets or asteroids in these first-generation star systems. E) high-altitude UV spectroscopy. If a comet's ion tail is pointing perpendicular to its direction of travel, the comet is You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, When a cloud of gas and dust in space was disturbed, maybe by the explosion of a nearby star. At the center of this thin disk of dust and gas, the sun began to form. Answer: In Nebular Theory, the Sun originated in a Nebula. This stage is thought to last a few hundred thousand years. A) only Jupiter and Saturn D) Both A and B are correct. B) lie almost entirely beyond the orbit of Neptune. e. Uranus, Which of the following are the jovian planets? B) terrestrials with very elongated, distant orbits like comets. In essence, this theory states that the Sun, the planets, and all other objects in the Solar System formed from nebulous material billions of years ago. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). It shows an actual disk of material orbiting another star, providing strong evidence the planets really do form in such disks. B) caused by the Earth passing near the orbit of an Earthgrazing asteroid. A) a streak of light in the atmosphere. In Nebular Theory, the Sun originated in a Nebula. [64] An additional difference is the composition of the planetesimals, which in the case of giant planets form beyond the so-called frost line and consist mainly of icethe ice to rock ratio is about 4 to 1. B) the interstellar medium. C) are shorter than the 76-year period for Comet Halley. His Trait de mcanique cleste (Celestial Mechanics), appearing in five volumes between 1798 and 1827, summarized the results obtained by his mathematical, According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. 2. d. The solar nebula is a cloud of interstellar gas and dust that condensed to form the entire solar system, including the sun and planets. The Oort Cloud is believed to be Describe two ways of detecting extrasolar planets. The terrestrial planets formed inside the frost line of the solar nebula and the jovian planets formed beyond it. The disturbance could be, for example, the shock wave from a nearby supernova.

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